Rustam Kazimov was born in Baku.

He studied for a short time at the Mollakhana.

Because of his sweet voice, he participated in the shabih performances shown during the Muharram mourning ceremonies. In the early 1890s, he played episodic roles in the performances organized by Habib bey Mahmudbeyov and Sultanmajid Ganizadeh in Baku. Later, he acted in the "Muslim Artists Society" troupe, and Jahangir Zeynalov's "Home Theater". In 1901–1919, he was one of the main actors in the troupe created by Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, in the "Hamiyyet" theater group, in the theater groups of the "Nijat" and "Safa" cultural and educational societies, in the "Turkish Actors Union", and in the "Directorate of the Brothers Zulfugar bey and Uzeyir bey Hajibeyov". When the current Academic National Drama Theater became a state institution, he joined its troupe and worked in this collective until 1925. When the Baku Free Criticism and Propaganda Theater (later called the Turkish Workers' Theater) was established in November 1921, he was accepted into its cast. Having worked in both theaters for four years, the actor began acting in the Workers' Theater in 1925. Even when this theater moved to Ganja on January 4, 1933, he did not leave his native collective.

Honored Artist (1931) Rustam Kazimov died in Ganja in 1943.